We show that awareness of our bodily sensations fundamentally shapes how time is perceived. We demonstrate that thoughts about how human time perception works influence judgments of duration. In the following paragraphs, each of the constructs will be briefly described based on empirical findings.
A closer look at these constructs shows that they do share a common ground-time perception. For evidence of criterion validity, future studies should more thoroughly investigate the external validities analyzing the correlations with other validated measures.īoredom, consideration of future consequences, metacognition of time, and self-awareness at first sight do not seem to have much in common. Initial observations on how the questionnaires are related to each other fit the current knowledge on how human time perception works, yielding the first evidence for the external validity of the German versions of these established questionnaires. Conclusion: The validated German questionnaires can now be used in research projects. The results are discussed in regard to human time perception. Additionally, interoceptive awareness was linked to metacognitive beliefs about which factors influence time perception. The consideration of future consequences was negatively linked to boredom proneness, whereas interoceptive awareness of one’s bodily sensations was positively associated with boredom proneness. Intercorrelations between the questionnaires were examined to test their external validities and gain additional insight into the associations among the constructs. Internal consistencies indicated good reliability values of the questionnaires and the respective subscales, except for the MQT. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data of 273 German-speaking participants to evaluate the factorial structures.
We aimed to validate four established questionnaires related to time perception in German (Consideration of Future Consequences-14 scale (CFC-14), Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS), Metacognitive Questionnaire on Time (MQT), and Self-Awareness Questionnaire (SAQ)) using a back-translation method.
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